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Leopold LÖWY (1871 - 1940)

LÖWY

(Für die deutsche Version des Textes klicken Sie read more...)

"Despite his youth, already a pensioner! Very fat! Goes summer and winter without overcoat, even without underwear (One tough cookie!). A brilliant caricaturist; dry humour characterises his retoric, on his good days, he is even dangerous to grandmasters!"This is how his contemporary, the well-known chess legend, Josef Krejcik, described Leopold Loewy. The eldest son of a Jewish industrialist family, Loewy was born in Vienna in 1871. After graduating from high school, he was meant to study and be trained as an authorised signatory. However, Leopold Loewy made it very clear early on that he had no intention of taking over the family business. He attended lectures in philosophy, mechanics, chemistry and astronomy, but never finished his studies. He delegated the running of the company to his two younger brothers and most likely lived off of family allowances in rather modest circumstances.

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Loewy dedicated most of his time to chess. Around 1893, he joined the New Vienna Chess Club and immediately participated in competitions. He played at a masterly level, often taking first place in tournaments, but, unfortunately, he was never quite good enough to reach the absolute top level.

Along the way, Leopold Loewy attempted various professions. In the 1920s, job titles such as "editor", "editor and authorised representative" and "writer" appear in Viennese telephone books. In 1920 Loewy published a collection of animal tales, "bitter little stories in which the abysses of human behaviour are transferred to the animal world".1 Having illustrated the cover himself, Loewy's tales provide insights into his profoundly ironic, even sometimes cynical, view of his contemporaries. This becomes even clearer in his work as a painter, draughtsman and above all, caricaturist. He designed postcards and worked for various Viennese illustrated magazines, such as "Das interessante Blatt", for which he drew caricatures and worked as a watercolourist. He created, most likely for himself, an extensive collection of small-format, subtle and witty pencil drawings and oil paintings of bizarre creatures and grotesque visages that capture his contemporaries in an extremely imaginative way. Like Franz Sedlacek, Loewy was an autodidact, and his work is also difficult to classify stylistically. Influences from the style of the Old Dutch Masters and resemblances to New Objectivity are clearly recognisable. But there is also a completely unique component that makes many of his figures seem almost like a forerunner to the alien beings in the Star Wars films.

To escape deportation to a concentration camp, Leopold Loewy commited suicide in 1940.

Deutsche Version:
„Trotz seiner Jugend schon Rentner! Sehr dick! Geht Sommer und Winter ohne Überrock, ja sogar ohne Unterwäsche (Abhärtungsapostel!). Glänzender Karikaturenzeichner; trockener Witz zeichnet seine Reden aus, an seinen guten Tagen auch Großmeistern gefährlich!“1 So beschreibt der Zeitgenosse und bekannte Schachmeister Josef Krejcik Leopold Löwy. Der älteste Sohn einer jüdischen Industriellenfamilie wird 1871 in Wien geboren. Nach der Matura soll er studieren und als Prokurist ausgebildet werden. Leopold Löwy lässt aber früh erkennen, dass er nicht die Absicht hat, den Betrieb zu übernehmen. Er belegt Vorlesungen in Philosophie, Mechanik, Chemie und Astronomie, schließt aber sein Studium nie ab. Er überlässt seinen beiden jüngeren Brüdern die Führung der Firma und lebt wohl von den Zuwendungen der Familie in eher bescheidenen Verhältnissen.

Löwy widmet den Großteil seiner Zeit dem Schachspiel. Wahrscheinlich 1893 tritt er dem Neuen Wiener Schachclub bei und nimmt gleich an Turnieren teil. Er spielt auf meisterlichem Niveau, belegt bei Turnieren oft die vorderen Ränge und gewinnt sogar das eine oder andere Turnier. Zur absoluten Spitzenklasse reicht es aber nicht.

Nebenbei versucht sich Leopold Löwy in verschiedenen Berufen. In den zwanziger Jahren scheinen in Wiener Telefonbüchern Berufsbezeichnungen wie „Redakteur“, „Redakteur und Prokurist“ und „Schriftsteller“ auf. 1920 veröffentlicht Löwy eine Sammlung von Tierfabeln, „bitterböse kleine Geschichten, in denen die Abgründe menschlichen Verhaltens auf die Tierwelt übertragen werden“1. Den Umschlag illustriert er selbst. Löwy’s Fabeln geben Einblicke in seine tiefgründig ironische, ja manchmal zynische Sicht auf seine Mitmenschen. Noch deutlicher wird dies in seinem Schaffen als Maler, Zeichner und vor allem Karikaturist. Er entwirft Postkarten und arbeitet für verschiedene Wiener illustrierte Zeitschriften, wie „Das interessante Blatt“, für das er Karikaturen zeichnet aber auch als Aquarellmaler tätig ist. Wohl für sich selbst schafft er eine umfangreiche Sammlung kleinformatiger, subtiler und geistreicher Bleistiftzeichnungen und Ölmalereien skurriler Wesen und grotesker Visagen, die seine Zeitgenossen äußerst phantasievoll ins Visier nehmen. Ähnlich wie Franz Sedlacek ist Löwy Autodidakt, und auch sein Werk lässt sich stilistisch nur schwer einordnen. Anleihen aus dem Stil Altniederländischer Meister und eine Nähe zur Neuen Sachlichkeit sind klar zu erkennen. Aber da ist auch eine völlig eigenständige Komponente, die viele seiner Figuren fast wie eine Vorwegnahme der außerirdischen Wesen der Star-Wars-Filme erscheinen lassen.

Um der Deportation in ein Konzentrationslager zu entkommen, entscheidet sich Leopold Löwy 1940 für den Freitod.

1(Michael Ehn, Ein Denker abseits großer Bühnen. Zur Person Leopold Löwy, in: Karl. Das kulturelle Schachmagazin, 33. Jahrgang, 1/2016, S.23).

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